After receiving the decision on the appointment of the examination, the head of the expert institution requests the examination one or more experts. These experts provide an opinion on its own behalf and bear personal responsibility for it.
One of the conditions of full and high-quality expert answers to these questions is the use of modern techniques, effective methods and means of research.
Despite the diversity of expert techniques that are used for various types of examinations, the experts conducted forensic examinations on the basis of common principles. In solving problems of identification expertise, regardless of its type and characteristics of the objects, provides a consistent pass the following stages of research methodology:
– Preparatory studies, at this stage of procedure expert familiar with the resolution on appointment of expertise, conducts a preliminary examination of objects and solve the question of their naturalness and adequacy to address the issues raised.
– A separate study. At this stage, the expert technique detects examines and selects identification features.
– A Comparative Study. This method compares the stage found signs installed similarities and differences.
– Evaluation of the results and forming conclusions. In this technique, the stage is set the origin of the symptoms, determine the identity value of the signs and their sufficiency for the formation of O and forming an opinion.
After conducting the necessary research skills is the conclusion. Conclusion examination consists of three parts: introduction, research and conclusions of the study.
In the introductory part shall include: the name of the examination; date and place of detention; the date of the decision on the appointment of expertise and who issued; list of objects that have come to the study of comparative and other materials; questions posed pe¬red expert, information about his identity; request for additional materials and the results of their examination; information about the participation of an expert in conducting investigations; protsesualny names and status of the persons who participated in the examination.
The research part describes the examination of the objects, sets out a process of expert research, done the analysis and synthesis of the results, given the different calculations and reference data used by the expert justified his conclusions. The research part of the conclusion identification examination shall include a description of the specific features laid in the detention justification.
The final part contains the expert’s conclusions, there are answers to questions posed to him. To conclude attached illustrations: photographs, diagrams, drawings, etc.
expert conclusions are formulated on the basis of a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the research results. They have to give answers to all questions. The output should be set out zrozumiloyu language does not imply different interpretations. Visnovky must flow from this study not be logically inconsistent and be such that you can check.
In practice, often there are questions about the scope and level of detail of the expert opinion, it is necessary to specify in its scientific positions, which form the basis of the research. RS Belkin believes that the presentation of both the results and the research process an independent expert not only in the choice of scientific positions, but also in determining the scope of scientific expounded. However, deciding for themselves such a question, the expert must always remember those persons who will evaluate his conclusion: the investigator, the prosecutor, the court (judge), other participants in the process.
Expert conclusions can be: positive or negative, definitive or probable, and such that the point of impossibility to resolve the issue. If the examiner gives the probability of finding, or conclusion about the impossibility of solving the issue, the research part of it is obliged to state the reasons of which are not possible to solve the problem in the form kategori or had to abandon the solution of the problem.
The final part of the research findings are presented in the form of answers to the questions raised in the order in which they are set out in its introductory part.
Each of these questions must be answered on the merits or indicate the reasons why it is impossible to solve it.
When conducting forensic examinations investigator generally perform organizational and supervisory functions. He must ensure that: the rights of the accused and interested parties, to provide conditions for the expert services and the proper information support of an expert.
